The Present Progressive Chart

PRONOUN	WAA FORM	1st Conj	2nd Conj Type A End "-i"	2nd Conj Type B End "-ee"	3rd Conj Type A End "-o" Vowel Change	3rd Conj Type B End "-o" Vowel Loss
		KEEN: to bring	KARI: to cook	SAMEE: to make	JOOGSO: to stop	QABO: to catch
I	WAAN	KEENAYAA	KARINAYAA	SAMEYNAYAA	JOOGSANAYAA	QABANAYAA
YOU	WAAD	KEENAYSAA	KARINAYSAA	SAMEYNAYSAA	JOOGSANAYSAA	QABANAYSAA
HE/IT(M)	WUU	KEENAYAA	KARINAYAA	SAMEYNAYAA	JOOGSANAYSAA	QABANAYAA
SHE/IT(F)	WEY	KEENAYSAA	KARINAYSAA	SAMEYNAYSAA	JOOGSANAYSAA	QABANAYSAA
WE	WAANNU	KEENAYNAA	KARINAYNAA	SAMEYNAYNAA	JOOGSANAYNAA	QABANAYNAA
YOU ALL	WEYDIN	KEENAYSAAN	KARINAYSAAN	SAMEYNAYSAAN	JOOGSANAYSAAN	QABANAYSAAN
THEY	WEY	KEENAYAAN	KARINAYAAN	SAMEYNAYAAN	JOOGSANAYAAN	QABANAYAAN

*NOTE: 3A/3B verbs follow the same pattern**

Object Pronouns

When is the object is a pronoun, you need an OBJECT PRONOUN.  (weird, huh?)  The verb will still conjugate based on the subject (aka the "do-er" of the verb).
Object Pronouns
         Me = i
       You = ku
       Him = (no obj pronoun)
        Her = (no obj pronoun)
         We = na
 You All = idin
     Them = (no obj pronoun)


John baa i baray            John taught me
John baa ku baray         John taught you
John baa na baray         John taught us
John baa idin baray       John taught you all
*John baa baray             John taught him/her/them
John baa isaga/iyada/iyaga      John taught him/her/them


[USED with verbal pronoun]
Wey i bareen                 They taught me
Wey ku bareen              They taught you
Wey na bareen              They taught us
Wey idin bareen            They taught you all
*Wey bareen                  They taught him/her/them
Wey isaga/iyada/iyaga bareen  They taught him/her/them


The basic breakdown of the sentence is:


SUBJ + (mood classifier waa/baa if you didn't use a verbal pronoun) + OBJ PRONOUN + VERB 


*The 3rd person forms (him/her/them) are not expressed and the only way to differentiate is by context.  To specifically reference someone in the 3rd person you need to use the pronoun.  

Basic Prepositions

In Somali there are 4 basic "LOCATIVE" prepositions and they are placed BEFORE the verb.
         
       U   = to, for
      KA = from, away from, out of, about, concerning
      KU = in, into, on, at, with, by means of, using (as an instrument)
      LA  = with, together with, in company with


So here is where it gets weird (yet again):
James tuur!        Throw James (literally someone goes and throws James]
James u tuur!     Throw (it) to James!
James ka tuur!   Throw (it) from James! 
James ku tuur!   Throw (it) at / toward James!
James la tuur!    Throw (it) with James! 


Bill keen!          Bring Bill! (literally someone brings Bill)
Bill u keen!       Bring (it) for Bill!
Bill ka keen!     Bring (it) from Bill!
Bill ku keen!     Bring (it) at Bill! (yea, this one sounds odd)*
Bill la keen!      Bring (it) with Bill! 


*In this case, it would be better to use "ku keen" in a different context: 
Bill tareenka ku keen      Bring Bill by (means of) the train.  


Disclaimer: the use of the above prepositions in Somali is not always the same way we would use them in English and can be quite frustrating.  

The Past Simple: 3A (JOOGSO) / 3B (QABO)

The Past Simple 3rd conjugation can be tricky. Up to this point, I have not found any specific rules for determining which verbs are 3A vs 3B. I have seen a trend with some exceptions.

3A: Verbs with vowel change when conjugated
The verb is 3A if: there are 2 consonants before the final vowel "o" (ex: baxso, cabso) [not including verbs with "yso" at the end ex: adkayso]; if there is a single consonant "k" before the final vowel "o" (ex: buko)
****Additionally, so far verbs which end in "ow" appear to also be 3A verbs.  They are different because these verbs are in a change of status (caddow=to become white)****
3B: Verbs with vowel loss when conjugated
The verb is 3B if: there is 1 consonant before the final vowel "o" (ex: cabo, dego, dhimo); if the verb ends in "yso" (ex: akdayso, dhageyso, etc.)

EXCEPTIONS (found so far): Words like "NOQO" [3B verb: to become, to return] do not have a vowel change for the 2nd person.  Basically it seems that if the 3B verb which ends in "o" also has the short vowel "o" prior to the last consonant (noqo, soco, doco)
Past Simple: waan/wuu noqdey, waad/wey noqotey, waannu noqonney, weydin noqoteen, wey noqdeen

DISCLAIMER:  Please understand this is NOT a proven fact, only a theory.

Pronoun/WAA form	3A Root Verb	3A Vowel Change	3A Suffix	3A Conjugated Verb
I / WAAN	JOOGSO	Change final "O" to "A"	-DAY	JOOGSADAY
You / WAAD	JOOGSO	Change final "O" to "A"	-TAY	JOOGSATAY
He / WUU	JOOGSO	Change final "O" to "A"	-DAY	JOOGSADAY
She / WEY	JOOGSO	Change final "O" to "A"	-TAY	JOOGSATAY
We / WAANNU	JOOGSO	Change final "O" to "A"	-NNAY	JOOGSANNAY
You All / WEYDIN	JOOGSO	Change final "O" to "A"	-TEEN	JOOGSATEEN
They / WEY	JOOGSO	Change final "O" to "A"	-DEEN	JOOGSADEEN

Pronoun/WAA form	3B Root Verb	3B Vowel Change	3B Suffix	3B Conjugated Verb
I / WAAN	QABO	Drop final vowel	-TAY	QABTAY
You / WAAD	QABO	Drop final vowel	-ATAY	QABATAY
He / WUU	QABO	Drop final vowel	-TAY	QABTAY
She / WEY	QABO	Drop final vowel	-ATAY	QABATAY
We / WAANNU	QABO	Drop final vowel	-ANNAY	QABANNAY
You All / WEYDIN	QABO	Drop final vowel	-ATEEN	QABATEEN
They / WEY	QABO	Drop final vowel	-TEEN	QABTEEN

The Past Simple: 2A&2B (Akhri/Samee)

Verbs which end in "i" or "ee" conjugate differently than the Past Simple C1 verbs. Verbs ending in "ee" you will add "y" before the past tense suffix. Additionally, for 2B verbs, the 2nd "e" is optional (Sameyey or Sameeyey)

Pronoun/WAA form	2A suffix	2A: Akhri	2B suffix	2B: Samee
I / WAAN	-yey	Akhriyey	-yey	Sameyey
You / WAAD	-sey	Akhrisey	-ysey	Sameysey
He / WUU	-yey	Akhriyey	-yey	Sameyey
She / WEY	-sey	Akhrisey	-ysey	Sameysey
We / WAANNU	-ney	Akhriney	-yney	Sameyney
You All / WEYDIN	-seen	Akhriseen	-yseen	Sameyseen
They / WEY	-yeen	Akhriyeen	-yeen	Sameyeen