| Somali | English | Timeframe | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gu'(ga) | Spring | Apr-Jun | Heavy rains and thunderstorms; very wet season |
| Xagaa(ga) | Summer | Jul-Aug | Mostly dry with some scattered rain showers in the south |
| Dayr(ta) | Autumn | Sep-Nov | Light rain season |
| Jiilaal(ka) | Winter | Dec-Mar | Hot and dry season |
First we have to understand a few things about verbs and grammar in order to talk about the weather.
1) The gender of the weather is very important:
Roob(ka) Rain
Dabeyl(ta) Wind
2) The weather is usually described with the verb "Jir: to exist, to be in a state of".
Past simple: jiray/jirtay
Roob baa jiray It rained/It was raining
Dabeyl baa jirtay It was windy
Present Habitual: jira/jirta
Roob baa jira It is raining
Dabeyl baa jirta It is windy
Future: jiri doonaa/jiri doonta
Roob baa jiri doonaa It will rain
Dabeyl baa jiri doonta It will be windy
**Present progressive is not typically used with the weather**
3) Using the verbs Da' and Dhac for rain and snow.
Da' means to pour down and can be used with rain and snow.
Dhac means to fall down and can be used with snow (but not rain).
Both rain and snow can use the verb Jir.
Examples:
Baraf baa jira It is snowing
Baraf baa da'aya It is snowing [lit: snow is pouring down]
Baraf baa dhacaya It is snowing [lit: snow is falling down]
Roob baa jira It is raining
Roob baa da'aya It is raining [lit: rain is pouring down]
Sample sentences:
| Cimilada maanta waa sidee? | How is the weather today? |
| Hawada maanta waa sidee? | How is the weather today? |
| Cimilada maanta waa ______ | Today the weather is ______ |
| Maanta waa _________ | Today it is ____________ |
| Ceeryaamo baa jirta | It is foggy |
| Maanta dabeyl baa jirta | Today it is windy |
| Roob baa jira | It is raining |
| Maanta waa qabow laakiin cadceed baa jirta | Today it is cold but it is sunny. |
| Berri roob badan baa jiri doonaa | Tomorrow it will rain heavily [lit:badan-very] |
| Shalay ceeryaamo baa jirtay | Yesterday it was foggy |
Weather Vocabulary
| Somali | English |
|---|---|
| Hawo(da) | Weather |
| Cimilo(da) | Weather |
| Sentigreed | Centigrade |
| Kulayl(ka) | Hot |
| Diirimaad(ka) | Warm |
| Qabow(ga) | Cold |
| Barafoow(ga) | Freezing |
| Qorrax | Sunny |
| Cadceed | Sunny |
| Daruuro ma leh | Clear [lit: no clouds] |
| Daruuro badan | Cloudy |
| Roob(ka) | Rain |
| Baraf(ka) | Snow; Hail |
| Daruur(ta) | Cloud |
| Dabeyl(sha) | Wind |
| Dabeyl leh | Windy |
| Ceeryaamo(da) | Fog |
| Qoyaan(ka) | Humid |
| Gugac(a) | Thunder |
| Siigo(da) | duststorm |
| Baraf duufaan | Blizzard/Hailstorm |
| Hillaac(a) | Lightning |
| Duufaan(ta) | Storm/Rainstorm |
| Gugac duufaan wata | Thunderstorm (lit: Storm with thunder) |
| Jiilaal(ka) | Winter |
| Gu'(ga) | Spring |
| Xagaa(ga) | Summer |
| Dayr(ta) | Autumn |
| Roob baraf leh | Sleet |
| Dhedo(da) | Frost |
| Hawo(da) | Air |
| Abaar(ta) | Drought |
| Cunto la'aan | Famine |
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