VERBS (in a nutshell) TYPES 1, 2A/B, & 3A/B

Below is a summary of types 1, 2, and 3 verbs using the examples: Keen (to bring), Akhri (to read), Samee (to make), Joogso (to stop oneself), and Qabo (to catch or hold)

TYPE 1 VERBS: KEEN - TO BRING
Pronoun	Past Simple	Past Habitual	Past Progressive	Present Habitual	Present Progressive	Future
I	Keenay	Keeni Jiray	Keenayay	Keenaa	Keenayaa	Keeni Doonaa
You	Keentay	Keeni Jirtay	Keenaysay	Keentaa	Keenaysaa	Keeni Doontaa
He/It (m)	Keenay	Keeni Jiray	Keenayay	Keenaa	Keenayaa	Keeni Doonaa
She/It (f)	Keentay	Keeni Jirtay	Keenaysay	Keentaa	Keenaysaa	Keeni Doontaa
We	Keennay	Keeni Jirnay	Keenaynay	Keennaa	Keenaynaa	Keeni Doonnaa
You (pl)	Keenteen	Keeni Jirteen	Keenayseen	Keentaan	Keenaysaan	Keeni Doontaan
They	Keeneen	Keeni Jireen	Keenayeen	Keenaan	Keenayaan	Keeni Doonaan

TYPE 2A VERBS: AKHRI - TO READ
Pronoun	Past Simple	Past Habitual	Past Progressive	Present Habitual	Present Progressive	Future
I	Akhriyay	Akhrin jiray	Akhrinayay	Akhriyaa	Akhrinayaa	Akhrin doonaa
You	Akhrisay	Akhrin jirtay	Akhrinaysay	Akhrisaa	Akhrinaysaa	Akhrin doontaa
He/It (m)	Akhriyay	Akhrin jiray	Akhrinayay	Akhriyaa	Akhrinayaa	Akhrin doonaa
She/It (f)	Akhrisay	Akhrin jirtay	Akhrinaysay	Akhrisaa	Akhrinaysaa	Akhrin doontaa
We	Akhrinay	Akhrin jirnay	Akhrinaynay	Akhrinnaa	Akhrinaynaa	Akhrin doonnaa
You (pl)	Akhriseen	Akhrin jirteen	Akhrinayseen	Akhrisaan	Akhrinaysaan	Akhrin doontaan
They	Akhriyeen	Akhrin jireen	Akhrinayeen	Akhriyaan	Akhrinayaan	Akhrin doonaan

TYPE 2B VERBS: SAMEE - TO MAKE, TO DO
Pronoun	Past Simple	Past Habitual	Past Progressive	Present Habitual	Present Progressive	Future
I	Sameeyay	Sameyn jiray	Sameynayay	Sameeyaa	Sameynayaa	Sameyn doonaa
You	Sameysay	Sameyn jirtay	Sameynaysay	Sameysaa	Sameynaysaa	Sameyn doontaa
He/It (m)	Sameeyay	Sameyn jiray	Sameynayay	Sameeyaa	Sameynayaa	Sameyn doonaa
She/It (f)	Sameysay	Sameyn jirtay	Sameynaysay	Sameysaa	Sameynaysaa	Sameyn doontaa
We	Sameynay	Sameyn jirnay	Sameynaynay	Sameynaa	Sameynaynaa	Sameyn doonnaa
You (pl)	Sameyseen	Sameyn jirteen	Sameynayseen	Sameysaan	Sameynaysaan	Sameyn doontaan
They	Sameeyeen	Sameyn jireen	Sameynayeen	Sameyaan	Sameynayaan	Sameyn doonaan

TYPE 3A VERBS: JOOGSO - TO STOP (ONESELF)
Pronoun	Past Simple	Past Habitual	Past Progressive	Present Habitual	Present Progressive	Future
I	Joogsaday	Joogsan jiray	Joogsanayay	Joogsadaa	Joogsanayaa	Joogsan doonaa
You	Joogsatay	Joogsan jirtay	Joogsanaysay	Joogsataa	Joogsanaysaa	Joogsan doontaa
He/It (m)	Joogsaday	Joogsan jiray	Joogsanayay	Joogsadaa	Joogsanayaa	Joogsan doonaa
She/It (f)	Joogsatay	Joogsan jirtay	Joogsanaysay	Joogsataa	Joogsanaysaa	Joogsan doontaa
We	Joogsannay	Joogsan jirnay	Joogsanaynay	Joogsannaa	Joogsanaynaa	Joogsan doonnaa
You (pl)	Joogsateen	Joogsan jirteen	Joogsanayseen	Joogsataan	Joogsanaysaan	Joogsan doontaan
They	Joogsadeen	Joogsan jireen	Joogsanayeen	Joogsadaan	Joogsanayaan	Joogsan doonaan

TYPE 3B VERBS: QABO - TO CATCH, TO HOLD
Pronoun	Past Simple	Past Habitual	Past Progressive	Present Habitual	Present Progressive	Future
I	Qabtay	Qaban jiray	Qabanayay	Qabtaa	Qabanayaa	Qaban doonaa
You	Qabatay	Qaban jirtay	Qabanaysay	Qabataa	Qabanaysaa	Qaban doontaa
He/It (m)	Qabtay	Qaban jiray	Qabanayay	Qabtaa	Qabanayaa	Qaban doonaa
She/It (f)	Qabatay	Qaban jirtay	Qabanaysay	Qabataa	Qabanaysaa	Qaban doontaa
We	Qabannay	Qaban jirnay	Qabanaynay	Qabannaa	Qabanaynaa	Qaban doonnaa
You (pl)	Qabateen	Qaban jirteen	Qabanayseen	Qabataan	Qabanaysaan	Qaban doontaan
They	Qabteen	Qaban jireen	Qabanayeen	Qabtaan	Qabanayaan	Qaban doonaan

AHOW + ADJ....To Be (Past long/short, Present Habitual, Present Progressive, and Future)

WAA Form	Past Simple (Long)	Past Simple (short)	Present Habitual	Present Progressive	Future
WAAN	AHAA	AA	AHAY	AHAANAYAA	AHAAN DOONAA
WAAD	AHAYD	AYD	TAHAY	AHAANAYSAA	AHAAN DOONTAA
WUU	AHAA	AA	YAHAY	AHAANAYAA	AHAAN DOONAA
WEY	AHAYD	AYD	TAHAY	AHAANAYSAA	AHAAN DOONTAA
WAANNU	AHAYN	AYN	NAHAY	AHAANAYNAA	AHAAN DOONNAA
WEYDIN/WAAD	AHAYDEEN	AYDEEN	TIHIIN	AHAANAYSAAN	AHAAN DOONTAAN
WEY	AHAAYEEN	AYEEN	YIHIIN	AHAANAYAAN	AHAAN DOONAAN

IMPERATIVE FORMS:
Singular:   Ahow/ahaw      Be!
Plural:       Ahaada             You all be!

INFINITIVE FORM:
AHAAN


Here comes the crazy part.....comparing the Present Habitual with Past Simple

Present Habitual	English	Past Simple	English
Waan fiicanahay	I am well	Waan fiicnaa	I was well
Waan ladnahay	I am well	Waan ladnaa	I was well
Waan buuranahay	I am fat	Waan buurnaa	I was fat
Waan dhuubanahay	I am slim	Waan dhuubnaa	I was thin
Waan dheerahay	I am tall	Waan dheeraa	I was tall
Waan weynahay	I am big	Waan weynaa	I was big
Waan gaabanahay	I am short	Waan gaabnaa	I was short
Waan xumahay	I am bad	Waan xumaa	I was bad **
Waad xuntahay	You are bad	Waad xumayd	You were bad **

** Don't forget there are some sound changes**
XUN becomes XUM when a vowel+consonant suffix is added
Vowel Loss occurs for some adjectives ending in "an" when used in the past simple with the short form of "AHOW"
(does not apply to adjectives ending in "san")

ex:
Fiican ==> Fiicn
Ladan ==> Ladn
Gaaban ==> Gaabn
Dhuuban ==> Dhuubn
Buuran ==> Buurn

Declarative vs Existentials

DECLARATIVE	EXISTENTIALS
Waa guri weyn	Gurigu wuu weynyahay
It is a big house	The house is big
Waa meel qabow	Meeshu wey qabowdahay
It is a cold place	The place is cold
Waa ardey cusub	Ardeyga wuu cusubyahay
It is a new student	The student is new
Waa baabuur cad	Baabuurka wuu cadyahay
It is a white car	The car is white

Existentials versus Declaratives: Comparing the past and present
Guriga wuu weynaa                        The house was big
Guriga wuu weynahay                    The house is big
Guri weyn buu ahaa                         It was a big house
Guri weyn buu yahay                       It is a big house

Duulimadku wuu fiicnaa                 The flight was nice
Duulimadku wuu fiicanyahay         The flight is nice
Duulimad fiican buu ahaa                It was a nice flight
Duulimad fiican buu yahay              It is a nice flight

Casharka wuu adkaa (adag+ahaa)    The lesson was difficult
Casharka wuu adagyahay                 The lesson is difficult
Cashar adag buu ahaa                       It was a difficult lesson
Cashar adag buu yahay                     It is a difficult lesson

Casharka wuu fududaa                     The lesson was easy
Casharka wuu fududyahay               The lesson is easy
Cashar fudud buu ahaa                     It was an easy lesson
Cashar fudud buu yahay                   It is an easy lesson


When making an adjectival statement, you must use to conjugated verb "AHOW" 
Waan fiicanahay           I am fine
Wuu fiicanyahay          He is fine
Waad gaabantahay       You are short
Wey gaajeeysanyihiin  They are hungry

You must pay attention to the gender
Inanku wuu wanaagsanyahay      The boy is good
Inantu wey wanaagsantahay        The girl is good
Ninku wuu wanaagsanyahay       The man is good
Naagtu wey wanaagsantahay       The woman is good


EXAMPLES:
Macallin wanaagsan baan ahay.                   I am a good teacher.
Macallin wanaagsan baad tahay.                 You are a good teacher. 
Macallin wanaagsan buu yahay.                  He is a good teacher. 
Macallin wanaagsan bey tahay.                   She is a good teacher. 
Macallimiin wanaagsan baannu nahay.        We are good teachers.
Macallimiin wanaagsan beydin tihiin.          You all are good teachers.  
Macallimiin wanaagsan bey yihiin.              They are good teachers.  

Infinitives and the Future Tense

In order to use a verb in the future tense, we must first know the INFINITIVE form of the verb.  In Somali, the infinitive is a verb which NEVER EVER EVER stands on its own.  When forming the future tense, we use the verb DOON with the infinitive.  On it's own, "DOON" means "to want", but when we use DOON (in the present habitual form) and add it to an infinitive verb, we have the future tense.

INFINITIVE
How to make a verb in it's infinitive form:
V1: add "i" to the end     EX: Keen ==> Keeni
V2A: add "n"to the end   EX:  Akhri ==> Akhrin
V2B: change the "-ee" to "-ey" and then add "n"  EX: Safee ==> Safeyn
V3A/B: drop the final "o" and add "an"   EX: Joogso ==> Joogsan

Exceptions and things to remember:

Rule #1) If the verb is a single syllable word with the short vowel "a", then the short vowel "a" will change to "e" in the infinitive form (except for the following exceptions in Rule #2)
Tag ==> Tegi

Rule #2) If the verb is a single syllable word with the short vowel "a" and the final consonant is a guttural consonant (c,x,) then the "a" changes to "i"
Bax ==> Bixi
Kac ==> Kici

Rule #3)  Don't forget your conjugation 1 verbs with sound changes
Maqal ==> Maqli
Arag ==> Arki
Hadal ==> Hadli
Qosol ==> Qosli
Hurud ==> Hurdi
Orod ==> Ordi
Cab ==> Cabbi  (double bb)

Rule #4) Irregular verbs
Noqo ==> Noqon
Imow ==> Iman
Oro ==> Oran
Ahaw ==> Ahaan




DOON
Doon is conjugated in the present habitual tense and it follows after the Infinitive of the verb.

I               Doonaa
You         Doontaa
He           Doonaa
She          Doontaa
We           Doonnaa
You all     Doontaan
They        Doonaan

Ok, time to put it together  (the easy part)     INFINITIVE + DOON (in present habitual)

Waan tegi doonaa                             I will go
Dukaanka baannu tegi doonnaa       We will go to the store
Waannu tegi doonnaa dukaanka      We will go to the store
Dugsiga bey tegi doonaan                They will go to the school
Wey tegi doonaan dugsiga               They will go to the school

Buug baan siin doonaa                              I will give a book
Guriga baan safeyn doonaa                       I will clean the house
Guriga baan joogsan doonaa                     I will stay at the house

Biyo baan cabbi doonaa               I will drink water

Descriptives and Possessives, describing singular and plural nouns

Buug    A book
Buug weyn   A large book

Kani waa buug weyn     This is a large book
Kani waa buug aad u weyn    This is a very large book

Buuggani wuu (waa) weyn yahay  This book is large
Buuggani wuu (waa) aad u weyn yahay
Buuggani aad wuu/buu (waa) u weyn yahay    [only use "BAA Form" if combined with "aad....u"]

Gurigayga weyn  My big house
Kani waa gurigayga weyn   This is my big house

Gurigayayga wuu weyn yahay  My house is big
Gurigayga  aad wuu u weyn yahay   My house is very big

Gurigayga wuu cad yahay    My house is white

Guri weyn waan leeyahay  I have a big house.
Guri weyn cad waan leeyahay   I have a big white house

Indo yaryar baad leedahay                     You have small eyes
Indahagu wey yaryar yihiin                     Your eyes are small

Tinteyda wey (waa) dheer tahay              My hair (singular) is long
Timahayga wey (waa) dhaadheer yihiin    My hair is long [lit: my hairs are long]  (Since we are referring to my entire of head of hair, it is plural, not just 1 hair on my head)

Timahayga wey dheer yihiin   My hair is long [lit: my hairs are long]  This one is tricky, it's not "incorrect" but the above 2 are "more correct"

***BUT you can also use the singular form when referring to your entire head of hair.....so remember that some nouns in English are the same for singular and plural (mass or collective nouns)

It's all relative.....Families

Family            Qoys(ka)

Mother             Hooyo(da)  
Father               Aabbe(ha)

Husband           Nin(ka)
Wife                  Naag(ta), Afo, Xaas
Son                   Wiil(ka), Inan(ka)
Daugher            Gabar(ta), Inan (ta)
Child                 Ilmo
Children            Carruur

Sister                 Walaal(/sha), Gabar(ta)
Brother              Walaal(ka), Wiil(ka)
Sibling               Walaal

Grandmother      Ayeeyo
Grandfather        Awoowe

Maternal Aunt    Eeddo
Maternal Uncle   Abti

Paternal Aunt      Habaryar
Paternal Uncle    Adeer

Person               Qof
People               Dad
Twins                Mataano


****the possessive suffixes are used to indicate someone's family member****


My husband        Ninkayga
My wife              Naagtayda
His wife              Naagtiisa
Her husband       Ninkeeda
Their father        Aabbahooda
Their mother      Hooyadooda
My son               Wiilkayga
My daughter       Gabartayda

Brother and sister can be a bit tricky.....

Brother	Somali	Sister	Somali
My brother	Walaalkayga	My sister	Walaasheyda
Your brother	Walaalkaaga	Your sister	Walaashaada
His brother	Walaalkiisa	His sister	Walaashiisa
Her brother	Walaalkeeda	Her sister	Walaasheeda
Our brother	Walaalkeenna	Our sister	Walaasheenna
You (pl) brother	Walaalkiinna	You (pl) sister	Walaashiinna
Their brother	Walaalkooda	Their sister	Walaashooda

Miyaad guursatay?
Are you married?

Waxaan ahay doob.
I am single. (male)

Waxaan ahay gashaanti.
I am single.  (female)

Immisa hablood baad walaalo tihiin?
How many sisters do you have?

Immisa wiil baad walaalo tihiin?
How many brothers do you have?

Immisa carruur ah baad leedahay?
How many children do you have?

Carruur ma lihi.
I don't have any children.

Inan/Gabar baan leeyahay.
I have a daughter.

Inan/wiil baan leeyahay.
I have a son.

IMOW: To Come

Root Verb: Imow
Infinitive: Iman
Imperative: Imow/Imaada
Negative: Imannin/Imannina

PAST SIMPLE

PRONOUN	PAST SIMPLE	ENGLISH
WAAN	IMID	I CAME
WAAD	TIMID	YOU CAME
WUU	YIMID	HE CAME
WAY	TIMID	SHE CAME
WAANNU	NIMID	WE CAME
WEYDIN/WAAD	TIMAADDEEN	YOU ALL CAME
WEY	YIMAADDEEN	THEY CAME

PAST PROGRESSIVE [infinitive+past progressive suffix]

PRONOUN	PAST PROGRESSIVE	ENGLISH
WAAN	IMANAYAY	I WAS COMING
WAAD	IMANAYSAY	YOU WERE COMING
WUU	IMANAYAY	HE WAS COMING
WAY	IMANAYSAY	SHE WAS COMING
WAANNU	IMANAYNAY	WE WERE COMING
WEYDIN/WAAD	IMANAYSEEN	YOU ALL WERE COMING
WEY	IMANAYEEN	THEY WERE COMING

PRESENT HABITUAL

PRONOUN	PRESENT HABITUAL	ENGLISH
WAAN	IMAADDAA	I COME
WAAD	TIMAADDAA	YOU COME
WUU	YIMAADDAA	HE COMES
WAY	TIMAADDAA	SHE COMES
WAANNU	NIMAADNAA	WE COME
WEYDIN/WAAD	TIMAADDAAN	YOU ALL COME
WEY	YIMAADDAAN	THEY COME

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE  [infinitive+present progressive suffix]

PRONOUN	PRESENT PROGRESSIVE	ENGLISH
WAAN	IMANAYAA	I AM COMING
WAAD	IMANAYSAA	YOU ARE COMING
WUU	IMANAYAA	HE IS COMING
WAY	IMANAYSAA	SHE IS COMING
WAANNU	IMANAYNAA	WE ARE COMING
WEYDIN/WAAD	IMANAYSAAN	YOU ALL ARE COMING
WEY	IMANAYAAN	THEY ARE COMING

FUTURE [infinitive + conjugated form of  present habitual DOON]

PRONOUN	FUTURE	ENGLISH
WAAN	IMAN DOONAA	I WILL COME
WAAD	IMAN DOONTAA	YOU WILL COME
WUU	IMAN DOONAA	HE WILL COME
WAY	IMAN DOONTAA	SHE WILL COME
WAANNU	IMAN DOONNAA	WE WILL COME
WEYDIN/WAAD	IMAN DOONTAAN	YOU ALL WILL COME
WEY	IMAN DOONAAN	THEY WILL COME

CONDITIONAL [infinitive + conjugated form of past simple LAHOW]

PRONOUN	CONDITIONAL	ENGLISH
WAAN	IMAN LAHAA	I WOULD HAVE COME
WAAD	IMAN LAHAYD	YOU WOULD HAVE COME
WUU	IMAN LAHAA	HE WOULD HAVE COME
WAY	IMAN LAHAYD	SHE WOULD HAVE COME
WAANNU	IMAN LAHAYN	WE WOULD HAVE COME
WEYDIN/WAAD	IMAN LAHAYDEEN	YOU ALL WOULD HAVE COME
WEY	IMAN LAHAAYEEN	THEY WOULD HAVE COME

OPTATIVE 

PRONOUN	OPTATIVE	ENGLISH
AN	IMAADDO	MAY I COME!
AD	TIMAADDO	MAY YOU COME!
HA	YIMAADDO	MAY HE COME!
HA	TIMAADDO	MAY SHE COME!
ANNU	NIMAADNO	MAY WE COME!
AYDIN/AD	TIMAADDEEN	MAY YOU ALL COME!
HA	YIMAADDEEN	MAY THEY COME!

NEGATIVE PAST SIMPLE

NEG PRONOUN	NEGATIVE PAST SIMPLE	ENGLISH
MAAN	IMAANIN	I DID NOT COME
MAAD	IMAANIN	YOU DID NOT COME
MUU	IMAANIN	HE DID NOT COME
MEY	IMAANIN	SHE DID NOT COME
MAANNU	IMAANIN	WE DID NOT COME
MEYDIN	IMAANIN	YOU ALL DID NOT COME
MEY	IMAANIN	THEY DID NOT COME

NEGATIVE PRESENT HABITUAL

NEG PRONOUN	NEGATIVE PRESENT HABITUAL	ENGLISH
MAAN	IMAADDO	I DO NOT COME
MAAD	TIMAADDO	YOU DO NOT COME
MUU	YIMAADDO	HE DOES NOT COME
MEY	TIMAADDO	SHE DOES NOT COME
MAANNU	NIMAADNO	WE DO NOT COME
MEYDIN	TIMAADDAAN	YOU ALL DO NOT COME
MEY	YIMAADDAAN	THEY DO NOT COME

NEGATIVE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

NEG PRONOUN	NEG. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE	ENGLISH
MAAN	IMANAYO	I AM NOT COMING
MAAD	IMANAYSO	YOU ARE NOT COMING
MUU	IMANAYO	HE IS NOT COMING
MEY	IMANAYSO	SHE IS NOT COMING
MAANNU	IMANAYNO	WE ARE NOT COMING
MEYDIN	IMANAYSAAN	YOU ALL ARE NOT COMING
MEY	IMANAYAAN	THEY ARE NOT COMING

NEGATIVE FUTURE TENSE

NEG PRONOUN	NEG FUTURE	ENGLISH
MAAN	IMAN DOONO	I WILL NOT COME
MAAD	IMAN DOONTO	YOU WILL NOT COME
MUU	IMAN DOONO	HE WILL NOT COME
MEY	IMAN DOONTO	SHE WILL NOT COME
MAANNU	IMAN DOONNO	WE WILL NOT COME
MEYDIN	IMAN DOONTAAN	YOU ALL WILL NOT COME
MEY	IMAN DOONAAN	THEY WILL NOT COME

Beerta xayawaanka waan tagay. I went to the zoo

Forgive me, this is my first real paragraph and I  sound like I'm in kindergarten again.

Shalayto beerta xayawaanka waan tagay.  Tareen waan ku tagay.  Cimiladu wey wanaagsanayd.  Cadceed baa jirtay oo cirku daruuro ma lahayn.  Sideed libaax baan arkay.  Libaaxyo hilib cunayaa baan arkay iyo laba maroodi waaweyn.  Rah badan baan arkay.  Rahu waa midab badan yahay.  Masas badan baan arkay, laakiin masaska maan jecli.  Beerta xayawaanka geel ama geriyal ma lahayn.  Beerta xayawaanka waan booqay ka dibna, waan qadeeyay.

Yesterday I went to the zoo.  I went by train.  The weather was good.  It was sunny and the sky had no clouds.  I saw 8 lions.  I saw lions eating meat and two large elephants.  I saw many frogs.  The frogs are very colorful.  I saw many snakes, but I don't like the snakes.  The zoo did not have camels or giraffes.  After I visited the zoo, I had lunch.

English	Somali
Zoo	Beerta xayawan(ka)
Train	Tareen
Lion	Libaax
Meat	Cilib
Eating	Cunayaa (1st/3rd person pres prog)
Elephant	Maroodi
Large	Waaweyn
Frog	Rah
Many	Badan
The Frog	Rahu (subj case)
Color	Midab
Snakes	Masas (sing: mas)
I don't like	Maan jecli
Camels	Geel
Geriyal	Giraffes
Did not have	Ma lahayn
I visited	Waan booday
And after	Ka dibna
I had lunch	Waan qadeyay

How's is the weather today? Cimilada maanta waa sidee?

Today we will talk about the weather. The 4 seasons are still Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter however, the weather in Somalia during these seasons is different than what we would typically associate with these seasons.

Somali	English	Timeframe	Description
Gu'(ga)	Spring	Apr-Jun	Heavy rains and thunderstorms; very wet season
Xagaa(ga)	Summer	Jul-Aug	Mostly dry with some scattered rain showers in the south
Dayr(ta)	Autumn	Sep-Nov	Light rain season
Jiilaal(ka)	Winter	Dec-Mar	Hot and dry season

First we have to understand a few things about verbs and grammar in order to talk about the weather.
1) The gender of the weather is very important:
     Roob(ka)    Rain
     Dabeyl(ta)  Wind

2) The weather is usually described with the verb "Jir: to exist, to be in a state of".
     Past simple: jiray/jirtay
     Roob baa jiray                           It rained/It was raining
     Dabeyl baa jirtay                       It was windy
     Present Habitual: jira/jirta
     Roob baa jira                             It is raining
     Dabeyl baa jirta                         It is windy
     Future: jiri doonaa/jiri doonta
     Roob baa jiri doonaa                  It will rain
     Dabeyl baa jiri doonta                It will be windy

     **Present progressive is not typically used with the weather**

3) Using the verbs Da' and Dhac for rain and snow.
      Da' means to pour down and can be used with rain and snow.
      Dhac means to fall down and can be used with snow (but not rain).
      Both rain and snow can use the verb Jir.
      Examples:
      Baraf baa jira                 It is snowing
      Baraf baa da'aya            It is snowing [lit: snow is pouring down]
      Baraf baa dhacaya         It is snowing [lit: snow is falling down]
     Roob baa jira                 It is raining
      Roob baa da'aya            It is raining [lit: rain is pouring down]

Sample sentences:

Cimilada maanta waa sidee?	How is the weather today?
Hawada maanta waa sidee?	How is the weather today?
Cimilada maanta waa ______	Today the weather is ______
Maanta waa _________	Today it is ____________
Ceeryaamo baa jirta	It is foggy
Maanta dabeyl baa jirta	Today it is windy
Roob baa jira	It is raining
Maanta waa qabow laakiin cadceed baa jirta	Today it is cold but it is sunny.
Berri roob badan baa jiri doonaa	Tomorrow it will rain heavily [lit:badan-very]
Shalay ceeryaamo baa jirtay	Yesterday it was foggy

Weather Vocabulary

Somali	English
Hawo(da)	Weather
Cimilo(da)	Weather
Sentigreed	Centigrade
Kulayl(ka)	Hot
Diirimaad(ka)	Warm
Qabow(ga)	Cold
Barafoow(ga)	Freezing
Qorrax	Sunny
Cadceed	Sunny
Daruuro ma leh	Clear [lit: no clouds]
Daruuro badan	Cloudy
Roob(ka)	Rain
Baraf(ka)	Snow; Hail
Daruur(ta)	Cloud
Dabeyl(sha)	Wind
Dabeyl leh	Windy
Ceeryaamo(da)	Fog
Qoyaan(ka)	Humid
Gugac(a)	Thunder
Siigo(da)	duststorm
Baraf duufaan	Blizzard/Hailstorm
Hillaac(a)	Lightning
Duufaan(ta)	Storm/Rainstorm
Gugac duufaan wata	Thunderstorm (lit: Storm with thunder)
Jiilaal(ka)	Winter
Gu'(ga)	Spring
Xagaa(ga)	Summer
Dayr(ta)	Autumn
Roob baraf leh	Sleet
Dhedo(da)	Frost
Hawo(da)	Air
Abaar(ta)	Drought
Cunto la'aan	Famine

Measurements

The Somalis use the metric system.  There are spelling differences to remember.  (for example, since the letter "C" is not pronounced the same as in English, Centimeter is now Sentimitir)

Dherer(ka)	Length
Millimitir	Millimeter
Senitmitir	Centimeter
Mitir	Meter
Killomitir	Kilometer

*NOTE: the abbreviation for Sentimiter is "sm"*

Culays(ka)	Weight
Milligaram	Milligram
Sentigaram	Centigram
Garam	Gram
Killogaram	Kilogram

Mug(ga)	Volume
Milliliitar	Milliliter
Sentiliitar	Centiliter
Liitar	Liter
Kiiloliitar	Kiloliter

Heerkul(ka)	Temperature
Sentigraydh	Centigrade
Digrii	Degree

Temperature: Sentigraydh Digrii *Note: while Sentimitir is expressed "sm" instead of "cm", Sentigraydh (Centigrade) is still expressed "C"*

The Present Progressive Chart

PRONOUN	WAA FORM	1st Conj	2nd Conj Type A End "-i"	2nd Conj Type B End "-ee"	3rd Conj Type A End "-o" Vowel Change	3rd Conj Type B End "-o" Vowel Loss
		KEEN: to bring	KARI: to cook	SAMEE: to make	JOOGSO: to stop	QABO: to catch
I	WAAN	KEENAYAA	KARINAYAA	SAMEYNAYAA	JOOGSANAYAA	QABANAYAA
YOU	WAAD	KEENAYSAA	KARINAYSAA	SAMEYNAYSAA	JOOGSANAYSAA	QABANAYSAA
HE/IT(M)	WUU	KEENAYAA	KARINAYAA	SAMEYNAYAA	JOOGSANAYSAA	QABANAYAA
SHE/IT(F)	WEY	KEENAYSAA	KARINAYSAA	SAMEYNAYSAA	JOOGSANAYSAA	QABANAYSAA
WE	WAANNU	KEENAYNAA	KARINAYNAA	SAMEYNAYNAA	JOOGSANAYNAA	QABANAYNAA
YOU ALL	WEYDIN	KEENAYSAAN	KARINAYSAAN	SAMEYNAYSAAN	JOOGSANAYSAAN	QABANAYSAAN
THEY	WEY	KEENAYAAN	KARINAYAAN	SAMEYNAYAAN	JOOGSANAYAAN	QABANAYAAN

*NOTE: 3A/3B verbs follow the same pattern**